# slibtool: a skinny libtool implementation, written in C

`slibtool` is an independent reimplementation of the widely used libtool,

written in C. `slibtool` is designed to be a clean, fast, easy-to-use

libtool drop-in replacement, and is accordingly aimed at package authors,

distro developers, and system integrators. `slibtool` maintains compatibility

with libtool in nearly every aspect of the tool's functionality as well as

semantics, leaving out (or turning into a no-op) only a small number of

features that are no longer needed on modern systems.

Being a compiled binary, and although not primarily written for the sake of

performance, building a package with `slibtool` is often faster than with its

script-based counterpart. The resulting performance gain would normally vary

between packages, and is most noticeable in builds that invoke libtool a large

number of times, and which are characterized by the short compilation duration

of individual translation units.

## why reimplement libtool?

Midipix targets use the PE binary format, and so require import library

integration on the one hand, yet follow ELF naming conventions

(i.e. libfoo.so.x.y.z) on the other. In consequence, midipix shared

libraries are not fully supported by existing libtool implementations.

As an interim solution used for the porting of gcc, a libtool script

generated by ltmain.sh was hand-edited so that it would correctly produce

the host's shared libraries as part of the toolchain build process.

Bypassing the libtool script generated by a package's ltmain.sh requires

overriding the `LIBTOOL` variable as part of invoking `make(1)`. In that

sense, and unless midipix support is added to every single ltmain.sh in

every single package that uses autotools, it does not truly matter whether

the surrogate libtool that one chooses be a script, a program written in C,

or something else.

At the time of this writing, an average libtool script consists of about

`10K lines of code` with `several hundred case-esac statements` and a similar

number of `if-then blocks`. In view of the length of the generated script,

and in light of its challenging logic and overall complexity, a rewrite of

the tool in C seemed to be the right choice not only with respect to quality,

readability, and anticipated performance, but also in terms of development

effort, ease of customization, and long-term maintenance.

## Requirements for building slibtool

- a C toolchain, consisting of

    - a C compiler such as gcc, clang, or [cparser];

    - the compiler should support -std=c99;

    - the system's libc should support -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=700.

If building for (native) mingw development, please cross-build slibtool

under your posix environment of choice (e.g. midipix, cygwin, msys2) and

install it alongside the rest of your (cross-built) mingw toolchain.

If your system libc only supports -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=600 then you should be

able to build slibtool after slightly tweaking the code and/or setting

a few config-time environment variables (such as CFLAGS and LDFLAGS).

## Usage

With most packages, simply adding `LIBTOOL=slibtool` to the `make` invocation

should suffice. To have `slibtool` operate in debug mode (outputting a colorized

raw argument vector), use `LIBTOOL=dlibtool` instead, or alternatively add

`--debug` to the libtool flags inside of your Makefile.

### Corner cases

Some programs which make heavy use of recursive `make` are known to drop the

`LIBTOOL` value at some point in the process, and as such you may additionally

need to export the environment variable; `export MAKE="make LIBTOOL=slibtool"`.

`slibtool` additionally installs two symlinks that are the equivalent of

`-disable-shared` and `-disable-static`, named `slibtool-static` and

`slibtool-shared`, respectively. These symlinks should be used when building

packages that have the above switches hard-coded into the generated libtool

script; two examples of such packages are `binutils` and `gdb`, which both

have shared library builds disabled by default. A quick way to determine

whether this invocation form is appropriate with a specific package is to

run `./libtool --features` from the build directory, then check whether the

output has either shared or static library builds disabled. When slibtool

is invoked as a basic tool (i.e. slibtool, dlibtool, etc.), then building

of both a shared library and a static archive is enabled by default.

## Differences from GNU libtool

While `slibtool` aims to be compatible with all common usages of libtool at the

build system level, there exist several differences at the implementation level

that should be noted.

- `.la wrappers` are always generated, but by default are never installed;

  `.la wrappers` contain key information that is provided to libtool when

  generating a shared library or static archive, and which is needed when

  passing the archive or library as an input argument in .la form to the

  compiler driver in subsequent link steps. Since `slibtool` is entirely

  independent of the above wrappers with respect to its own functionality,

  and given its announced goal to remain compatible with the script-based

  libtool as much as possible, `slibtool`'s behavior is to always produce

  `.la wrappers` on the one hand, yet fully ignore their content on the

  other.

  Despite their internal nature, installed .la wrappers are often [ab]used

  in strange and mysterious ways by distro-related tools other than libtool

  itself. For the sake of distributions that depend on the aforementioned

  wrappers, slibtool comes with three special symlinks named `clibtool`,

  `clibtool-shared`, and `clibtool-static`, respectively. The `'c'` in

  `clibtool` stands for `compatible`, and accordingly indicates an end-user's

  preference towards perfect emulation of legacy behavior.

- `-rpath` argument values are passed to the compiler and linker as needed only;

  `-rpath` is often [mis]used by libtool to add redundant paths to a program's

  linker search path. When using slibtool, `-rpath` argument values are only

  forwarded to the compiler and linker when pointing to non-default linker

  directories, and are accordingly filtered out when pointing to default

  library locations (i.e. `/usr/lib`, `/lib`, and so on).

- no-ops

    - `-R`, which adds a path to the generated program's run-time search path;

      this switch is currently not needed, and is accordingly ignored.

    - `-export-symbols`, which exports symbols listed in a given file, and

      `-export-symbols-regex`, which exports symbols matching a regex;

      both are unimplemented because similar functionality has long been

      provided by the compiler or toolchain; `gcc` has supported setting ELF

      visibility since v4.0, for instance, and PE import library support is

      provided by slibtool via the --output-def linker switch and a subsequent

      invocation of dlltool.

    - `-no-install`, which considers the executable wrapper to be optional;

      this switch is not needed on modern systems, and is accordingly ignored.

- No `libltdl`.

  libltdl is nowadays no longer needed; it serves to provide a `dlopen()`

  functionality on systems which do not offer it, i.e. HP-UX and BeOS,

  however since neither HP-UX nor BeOS is currently supported by slibtool,

  there exists no urgent need to provide equivalent functionality.

## Development

Major changes to slibtool should be discussed on [#midipix] prior to pursuing

a considerable effort, and patches should be sent, gpg-signed, to the project

maintainer; before hacking on slibtool, please take a moment of your time and

read the [CONTRIB] document.

As you finalize your changes to the code, please consider building at least

once with `cparser` as the compiler. cparser is excellent at catching logical

errors and semantic flaws, and as of the time of this writing is capable of

spotting bugs that go unnoticed by other major compilers. For a few examples

of such hidden bugs, see commits [94d109f], [1142bf2], and [55c95a8].

## License

`slibtool` is distributed under a permissive [MIT license].

[MIT license]:  http://git.foss21.org/slibtool/tree/COPYING.SLIBTOOL

[libltdl]:      https://www.gnu.org/software/libtool/manual/html_node/Using-libltdl.html#Using-libltdl

[dlopen()]:     http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/dlopen.html

[CONTRIB]:      http://git.foss21.org/slibtool/tree/CONTRIB

[libtool]:      https://www.gnu.org/software/libtool/

[#midipix]:     irc://irc.freenode.net/#midipix

[cparser]:      http://pp.ipd.kit.edu/git/cparser/

[94d109f]:      http://git.foss21.org/slibtool/commit/?id=94d109fa418c024c214a50d645624e2e2935e6d1

[1142bf2]:      http://git.foss21.org/slibtool/commit/?id=1142bf2e13f411cf967c1ed8b4060d7829eb13bb

[55c95a8]:      http://git.foss21.org/slibtool/commit/?id=55c95a829928ae9f053678a58a2145276cad9c08